Do you know how to choose the material of parts?|metal prototype maker
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Selecting the materials to be used from a variety of materials is a work restricted by many factors. Therefore, how to choose the materials of parts is an important part of part design. The principle of selecting the materials of mechanical parts is that the required materials should meet the use requirements of parts and have good workmanship and economy.
use requirements
The use requirements of mechanical parts are as follows:
1. Working conditions and loading conditions of parts and requirements to avoid corresponding failure forms. Working condition refers to the environmental characteristics, working temperature, degree of friction and wear, etc. The materials of parts working in humid and hot environment or corrosive medium shall have good rust prevention and corrosion resistance. In this case, stainless steel, copper alloy, etc. can be considered first. The loading condition refers to the magnitude and nature of the load and stress on the part. In principle, brittle materials are only suitable for manufacturing parts working under static load; In case of impact, plastic materials shall be used as the main materials; For parts with large contact stress on the surface, materials that can be surface treated, such as case hardened steel, shall be selected;
2. Restrictions on the size and quality of parts. The size and quality of parts are related to the variety of materials and the manufacturing method of blanks. Generally, the production of casting blanks can not be limited by size and quality; When producing forging blanks, we should pay attention to the production capacity of forging machinery and equipment. In addition, the size and quality of parts are also related to the strength weight ratio of materials. Materials with large strength weight ratio should be selected as far as possible in order to reduce the size and quality of parts.
3. Importance of parts in the whole machine and components.
4. Other special requirements (such as whether insulation and diamagnetism are required).
process requirements
In order to facilitate the processing and manufacturing of parts, the complexity of part structure, size and blank type should be considered when selecting materials. For parts with complex shape and large size, if casting blank is considered, materials with good casting performance shall be selected; If welding blank is considered, low carbon steel with good welding performance shall be selected. For parts with simple shape, small size and large batch, which are suitable for stamping and die forging, materials with good plasticity should be selected. For parts requiring heat treatment, the material shall have good heat treatment performance.
economic requirements
1. Relative price of materials themselves: on the premise of meeting the use requirements, materials with low price shall be selected as far as possible. This is particularly important for parts manufactured in large quantities
2. Material saving: in order to save materials, heat treatment or surface strengthening (shot peening, rolling, etc.) process can be adopted to give full play to and make use of the potential mechanical properties of materials; Surface plating (chromium plating, copper plating, blackening, French blue, etc.) can also be used to reduce the degree of corrosion and wear and prolong the service life of parts.
4. Utilization rate of materials: in order to improve the utilization rate of materials, no cutting or less cutting processing can be adopted, such as die forging, precision casting, stamping, etc., which can not only improve the utilization rate of materials, but also reduce the working hours of cutting processing.
5. Supply of materials. When selecting materials, local materials that are easy to supply shall be selected to reduce the cost of procurement, transportation and storage; From the perspective of simplifying the supply and storage of material varieties, for parts produced in small batch, the varieties and specifications of materials used on the same machine should be reduced as much as possible, so as to simplify the supply and management, and make it easier to master the most reasonable operation methods in the process of processing and heat treatment, so as to improve the manufacturing quality
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