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Stainless steel was invented nearly 150 years ago and is still popular today. It is made by smelting the steel itself in combination with iron and carbon (sometimes other metals such as nickel), and adding chromium and molybdenum to prevent rust and corrosion. Chromium promotes the passivation of steel and keeps the steel in a stable passive state. With the increase of molybdenum content, the high temperature strength of the steel is improved, such as durability, creep and other properties are greatly improved.

Metal processing is a profound knowledge in the field of metallurgy. A complex series of cooling, heat treatment, rolling and other steps make the material have a closely packed alloy grain structure and a thin boundary microstructure between the particles. When the metal is bent or stressed, it is easy to produce cracks, but the strong boundary effect can prevent the occurrence of these cracks, making the material more solid, while still having enough flexibility to form the desired shape.

3D printing researchers have long tried to make stronger metal parts. Through the technology of selective metal melting in powder bed, the computer-controlled high-power laser beam moves back and forth on the metal surface. The laser melted particles collide and fuse together, and then the powder bed descends to process another layer of metal powder. By repeating this layer by layer melting, engineers can build complex shapes, such as rockets and aeroengines.

The problem is that under the microscope, these stainless steel parts are usually highly porous and prone to fracture.

Finally, lawrencelivermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the United States, together with scientists from Georgia Institute of technology and armes National Laboratory of Oregon State University in the United States, improved the mechanical properties of parts by changing processing parameters and process control. By controlling the laser energy and adopting the rapid cooling process, researchers have obtained more compact parts processing results.

Researchers have made a "breakthrough" in the field of 3D printing of 316L stainless steel, a common "marine grade" stainless steel with low carbon composition. It is widely used in oil pipelines, engine parts and kitchen equipment, and usually has low corrosion and high ductility. Excitedly, tests have shown that the rugged and wear-resistant 3D printed 316L stainless steel can provide higher levels of strength and ductility than other forms of steel, making it useful for chemical equipment, medical implants, engine parts and various other applications that require excellent physical properties of its equipment.

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